PARTICULAR NATURE´S ELECTRICITY

Electricity is a form of energy particularly flexible and adaptable. Can be converted into other forms of energy: heat, light, mechanical energy and in other ways: electromechanical, electronic, acoustic and visual techniques are based on modern telecommunications, information technology and entertainment.Electricity, as supplied to customers, has several features that may vary and affect their usefulness to users of the network. This standard describes the characteristics of the AC voltage electricity. Given the use made of electricity, it is desirable that this alternating voltage supplied at a constant frequency, according to a perfect sine wave and a constant amplitude. In practice this does not allow many factors. Unlike standard products,...

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Posted in: angular frequency,conductivity,electricity,voltage

CHARACTERISTICS IN LOW VOLTAGE II

Interharmonic voltages; interharmonics level increases due to the development of inverters and other similar equipment and command control. Because of the limited experience in this field, levels of interharmonics are to be studied.In some cases, interharmonics, even weak level, causing the lamp flashing or interference with ripple control systems.Transmission of signals through the network information; In some countries, the general distribution network can be used by the distributor to transmit signals. The voltage value of the transmitted signals, averaged over 3 s, must not exceed the values ​​indicated by Figure 1 in a time period equal to 99% overnight.Nite :Facilities customers can use carrier-current signals at frequencies between 95...

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Posted in: Flicker severity,Interharmonic voltages,Voltage dips

CHARACTERISTICS IN LOW VOLTAGE I

Frequency ; the nominal frequency of the voltage supplied is 50 Hz normal operating conditions, the valuehalf of the fundamental frequency measured in periods of 10 s should be placed in the following ranges:- Coupled network for synchronous connections to an interconnected system:50 Hz ± 1% (ie 49.5 Hz to 50.5 Hz) for 99.5% a year50 Hz +4% / - 6% (ie 47 Hz to 52 Hz) for 100% of the time- No network connection to an interconnected system synchronous (eg food webs that exist incertain islands):50 Hz ± 2% (ie 49 Hz to 51 Hz) for 95% of one weeks50 Hz ± 15% (ie 42.5 Hz to 57.5 Hz) for 100% of the timeAmplitude of the voltage suppliedA standard nominal voltage for low voltage general networks is A = 230 V, both phase-neutraland between phases-...

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Posted in: Flicker severity,Test Method,Voltage dips

QUALITY STANDARDS´ HONDA- DEFINITIONS II

Flicker Severity:Intensity of the discomfort caused by the flicker-defined measurement method UIE-IEC flicker and evaluated according to the following amounts: - Short-term severity (Pst) measured over a period of 10 min; - Severity of long-term (Plt) calculated from a sequence of 12 Pst values ​​at an interval of 2 h, using the following formula:Hollow supply voltage:Sudden decrease of the supply voltage to a value between 90% and 1% of the declared voltage Uc, followed by the restoration of voltage after a short period of time. By convention, a voltage dip lasts 10 ms to 1 min. The depth of a voltage dip is defined as the difference between the minimum rms voltage during the voltage dip (residual stress) and the declared voltage. Voltage...

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Posted in: Harmonic voltage,Interharmonic voltage,Surge,Voltage imbalance

QUALITY STANDARDS´ HONDA- DEFINITIONS

Normative references; the rules listed below are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references the latest edition of the standard (including any amendments).IEC 60050-161 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary. Chapter 161: Electromagnetic Compatibility.DefinitionsFor purposes of this document, the terms and definitions:Network user:Party that is supplied or supplies electricity to a distribution network.Operation of the distribution network:Party responsible for operating, ensuring the maintenance and, if necessary, the development of networkdistribution in a given area, to ensure network capacity to meet long term demands reasonabledistribution of electricity.Points of delivery:Point in a distribution network...

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Posted in: Conducted disturbance,Operation of the distribution network,Supply voltage

HONDA QUALITY STANDARDS - SCOPE AND PURPOSE

Scope; this standard defines, describes and specifies the point of delivery to the network user, the main features of the voltage supplied by a global network of low voltage distribution and medium voltage under normal operating conditions. This standard describes the limits or values ​​to be expected to remain the constant voltage across the general distribution network and does not describe the typical situation is usually an individual user on the network.This European Standard does not apply to abnormal operating situations, including the following:- Temporary conditions designed to maintain power supply to network users after a failure or during maintenance work or construction on the network, or to limit the extent and duration of a power interruption;- In case of non-compliance...

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Posted in: equipment,strikes,voltage sags

ACCURACY ,REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY

AccuracyThe accuracy of a test method is the proximity of different experimental results obtained in samples the same. The calculation of accuracy is given by the repeatability r and reproducibility R, both defined in ISO 5725-1. The calculation methods are given in ISO 5725-2, ISO 5725-3 and ISO 5725-4.R r values of dissipation factor of an insulating liquid depend on the nature of the liquid tested, whether the fluid is new or used and the temperature, these values are altered and is very low (Less than 10-4), as is the case in highly insulating liquids, which are altered significantly by the impurities, handling, cleaning the test cell, and so on.Repeatability (r)If obtained in a laboratory two measures A and B, at room temperature, can...

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Posted in: accuracy,Reproducibility,temperature

EXPRESSION OF RESULTS AND REPORT OF TEST

Expression of resultsResults are calculated using the following equation:WhereG is the conductance, in siemens (S);C is the capacity, in farads (F);W is the angular frequency in radians / second (rad / s) = 2πfF is the frequency used in Hertz (Hz).NOTE - Assuming that the relative permittivity temperature measurement is known, the conductivity of the liquid can be calculated by the following equation:WhereREPORT OF TESTThe report must include the following:- Identification of the sample;- test temperature;- measured values of G and C;- As calculated values...

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Posted in: angular frequency,test temperature

SAMPLING,LABELLING AND PROCEDURES

SAMPLINGThe insulating fluid samples should be taken by qualified personnel in accordance with IEC 60475. During his storage and transport, samples should be protected from direct light.LABELLINGInsulating liquid samples must be properly labeled before being sent to the laboratory.The following information is required:- Customer or facility;- Fluid identification (type and class);- Identification of the equipment;- The date and time of sampling;- Temperature during sampling;- sampling point;- Other relevant information.PROCEDURESIn order to obtain a meaningful measure of the dissipation factor is essential to follow exactly the rules with respect to:- Careful cleaning of the test cell;- Careful filling test cell and the careful handling of liquid samples and the very test cell.Cleaning test...

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Posted in: methods,procedure,temperature

APPLIANCES

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Posted in: square wave generator,values ​​of conductance